The typical person's genetic makeup consists of two copies of 23 chromosomes (one from each parent). Mishaps can occur on a large scale such as Down Syndrome (or Trisomy 21), where a person has an extra chromosome, or on a very small scale such as Sickle Cell Disease, where a single piece of your DNA (a nucleotide- the ATCGs) is inserted wrong (this is called a point mutation).
A karyotype provides a quick way to look at a person's genes to see big large-scale changes. It's really just a picture of each chromosome from a person's cell lined up in their respective pairs. A karyotype looks like this:
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So what kind of destruction can cancer rain down upon your harmless little nuclei, the keepers of your genes? BAM!
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My diagnosis (or Dx)? Not good things.
My treatment? Uh... Quit smoking.
Until next time.